Historic Views on Government – Bell

Honest opinion about government from Daniel Bell:

The presumed failure of the idea of equality of opportunity has shifted the definition of that value to equality of result, and by fiat if necessary. The increasing thrust by disadvantaged groups, or their ideological mentors, has been for direct redistributive policies in order to equalize incomes, living conditions, and the like, and on a group basis. In the shorthand of game theory, equality of opportunity is a non-zero-sum game in which individuals can win in differential ways. But equality of result, or redistributive policies, essentially is a zero-sum game, in which there are distinct losers and winners. And inevitably these conditions lead to more open political competition and conflict.

If one moves to Western society, generally, we find a subtle but pervasive change, namely, that the revolution of rising expectations, which has been even more tangible in the advanced industrial societies than in the underdeveloped countries, has become a sustained demand for entitlement. To be a "citizen" has usually meant to share fully in the life of the society. In the earliest years, this meant the claim to liberty and the full protection of the law. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, this was defined as political rights, principally the full right to vote or hold office by all adult citizens, a status which was achieved only fifty years ago in most Western societies. But the major claim in recent decades has been for social rights: the right to a job, insurance against unemployment and old age indigence, adequate health care, and a minimum, decent standard of living. And these are now demanded from the community as entitlement.
   The Winding Passage, 1980

A prominent sociologist, Daniel Bell has written a number of books, including The Coming of Post-Industrial Society (1973), The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism (1976), The Winding Passage: Essays and Sociological Journeys (1980), and The Budget Deficits (with Lester Thurow, 1986).

Quotation and short bio from The Quotable Conservative: The Giants of Conservatism on Liberty, Freedom, Individual Responsibility, and Traditional Values. Rod L. Evans and Irwin M. Berent, editors. Holbrook, Mass.: Adams Publishing, 1996.

Historic Views on Government – de Tocqueville

Honest opinion about government from Alexis de Tocqueville:

Americans are so enamored of equality that they would rather be equal in slavery than unequal in freedom.

The nations of our time cannot prevent the conditions of men from becoming equal; but it depends upon themselves whether the principle of equality is to lead them to servitude or freedom, to knowledge or barbarism, to prosperity or to wretchedness.

Within these limits the power vested in the American courts of justice of pronouncing a statute to be unconstitutional forms one of the most powerful barriers that have ever been devised against the tyranny of political assemblies.

In order to enjoy the inestimable benefits that the liberty of the press ensures, it is necessary to submit to the inevitable evils that it creates.
   Democracy in America, 1835

French political thinker Alexis de Tocqueville is admired for his concern for personal freedom, fear of majoritarian tyrrany, and desire for limited government. He wrote the classic, Democracy in America (2 volumes, 1835, 1840).

Quotation and short bio from The Quotable Conservative: The Giants of Conservatism on Liberty, Freedom, Individual Responsibility, and Traditional Values. Rod L. Evans and Irwin M. Berent, editors. Holbrook, Mass.: Adams Publishing, 1996.